In this tutorial, we are going to set up free SSL auto-renewable Let's Encrypt along with Nginx.
Prerequisites:
Before we start setup, first make sure your domain e.g example.com is pointed to the server's public IP address. You can set up and point this configuration from the dashboard of your domain service provider.
Connect to the remote server:
First SSH into the remote server where we want to set up the SSL.
If you are using a server password to connect, use the following command
sudo ssh server_username@ip_addressHere use your server username and server IP address to connect. For example ubuntu@34.344.56
If you are using a .pem file or other private keys to connect to a server then use the following command
sudo ssh -i path_to_pem_file server_username@ip_addressInstall Nginx:
First, let's install Nginx on the server using the following commands.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx
If nginx got successfully installed, then use the following command to verify.
nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
Or we can verify by checking the status
sudo systemctl status nginx
Setup Nginx Configuration:
Now let's configure the Nginx for our domain. For this navigate to the Nginx directory
cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
Here, if we use the ls command we can see the default file for configuration. We will create a new file for our domain to configure for e.g 360learntocode.com, you can create using your domain name.
sudo vim 360learntocode.comNow the new empty file is open lets edit and inserts the configuration by entering Shift + i
server {
server_name 360learntocode.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_pass http://568.19.34.63:8080;
}
}Make sure to replace 360learntocode.com with your domain name and http://568.19.34.63:8080 with your IP address and the port in which your application is running.
Now save the configuration. Enter Esc and type :wq and hit Enter.
Now, symlink this file with the directory “sites-available” in our Nginx for this navigate to sites-available
cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/360learntocode.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/To check the Nginx configuration use the following command
sudo nginx -tWe are supposed to see the output as below
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successfulReload the Nginx to reflect the changes:
sudo systemctl reload nginxIf we try to open our domain, we can see the Nginx 502 Bad Gateway if our application is not running otherwise we will see the running application.
Setup SSL Certificate:
For the SSL certificate, we are using the let's encrypt and certbot client. For more detail check let's Encrypt and Certbot
- Install Certbot client
Use the following commands to install certbot client
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3-certbot-nginx
Now, the certbot is successfully installed on our server. Let's create an SSL certificate for our domain
sudo certbot --nginx -d 360learntocode.comNote: use your own domain name. Follow the steps asked afterward.
Here are some sample examples screens.
Now, let's reload the Nginx so that our configuration changes will reflect.
sudo systemctl reload nginxIf we load our domain URL then it will open over HTTPS.
If you want to see the overall configuration setup, please open the file that we created previously i.e 360learntocode.com inside /etc/nginx/sites-available/, there we can see all the setup done. The sample file looks like as below.
server {
server_name 360learntocode.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_pass http://568.19.34.63:8080;
}
listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/360learntocode.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/360learntocode.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
}
server {
if ($host = 360learntocode.com) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
server_name 360learntocode.com;
listen 80;
return 404; # managed by Certbot
}
Here, the auto-renew script is managed by certbot client so we don't have to worry about the SSL expiration. To verify the auto-renew scripts navigate to the script file.
cd /etc/cron.d/
sudo vi certbot
In the certbot file, we can see the auto-renew script as below added by cerbot client
0 */12 * * * root test -x /usr/bin/certbot -a \! -d /run/systemd/system && perl -e 'sleep int(rand(43200))' && certbot -q renew
Thanks for following the tutorial, Happy coding !!
